INTRODUCTION: Following introduction of PCV7 in the US, epidemiology of pneumococcal disease shifted such that disease incidence in the elderly exceeded that in children. We evaluated the impact of replacing PCV7 with PCV13 on disease burden in adults, and identified age/risk-specific subgroups with highest remaining disease burden.

METHODS: A retrospective design and data from two US healthcare claims repositories were employed. Study population included adults aged ≥18 years, and was stratified by age (18-49, 50-64, 65-74, ≥75) and risk profile (healthy, at-risk, high-risk). Rate ratios comparing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), all-cause hospitalized pneumonia (ACHP), and pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization among at-risk and high-risk adults, versus healthy counterparts, were estimated for 2007-2010 (pre-PCV13), 2011-2012 (peri-PCV13), and 2013-2015 (post-PCV13).

RESULTS: Across study periods, IPD and ACHP rates increased with age (2-27x higher in persons ≥75 vs. 18-49) and comorbidity (4-20x higher in high-risk vs. healthy). From pre- to post-PCV13 period, IPD rates declined 5-48% and ACHP rates declined 4-19% across age and risk groups (ACHP did not decline in persons ≥75). The decline in IPD and ACHP was attenuated among older adults and those with comorbidities; accordingly, rate ratios among at-risk and high-risk persons (vs. healthy counterparts) increased during the peri- and post-PCV13 periods compared with the pre-PCV13 period.

CONCLUSIONS:The switch to PCV13 was associated with large declines in pneumococcal disease among US adults. However, the decline was attenuated with increasing age (and, for ACHP, was absent in persons ≥75) and in those with comorbidities.

Link to PubMed